Measuring foregone output under industry emission reduction target in the transportation sector

Numerous countries have implemented or are considering a range of policies to lower emissions from transportation. An analysis of the impacts of environmental regulation is a crucial issue, which has not been properly highlighted in the transportation literature, particularly in terms of the foregone output by such regulation. This study develops a novel DEA model that measures the foregone output when the industry emissions target is imposed. This model reflects the real regulatory process more appropriately than other models in that the authority in charge sets the emission reduction target first, and the transport operators respond to it. In addition, the model can test the industrywide impacts over a wide range of emission target values, which can help policy makers determine the optimal emission target. Finally, the proposed model was applied to the port industry in Korea. The results suggest that Korean ports can reduce their emissions by a maximum of 239,850 tons of CO₂, which accounts for 13% of the total emissions in 2010. The 13% reduction in emission, however, would result in $ 91,109,000 of foregone cargo traffic to the Korean economy. In addition, the foregone cargo traffic increases at much faster rate than the emission reduction rate. For example, the shadow price of emission differs by 2.25 times between the most moderate and strictest emission targets. This suggests that the government needs to impose moderate emission targets at the initial stages if it decides to minimize the regulatory impacts on the industry.     

基于CADDS5-PIPING的舰船管系三维模型到二维出图技术的开发应用

文章概述了进行舰船管系三维模型到二维出图技术开发的目的、意义。针对CADDS5-P IP ING的特点和二维出图的需求,提出了解决问题的方法,达到了研发的目的。     

我国交通运输业全要素生产率测算方法

为全面掌握我国交通运输业当前的运营状况和生产率水平,更准确地分析交通运输业的经济增长点和更好地促进行业高质量发展,利用Malmquist生产率指数模型,通过对全行业及分领域的投入产出要素的测算,分析了全行业的全要素生产率水平,并对比了行业各领域的全要素生产率发展情况。结果显示：2003—2018年,全行业全要素生产率在平稳波动中有所增长,各分领域的生产率也在波动中不断变化;公路、水路、民航的全要素生产率增长较快,年均增长率在3.6%左右,主要得益于资源配置效率和技术进步率的共同提高;铁路运输业全要素生产率年均增长率较低,低于行业平均水平。根据测算结果分析,应继续推进体制改革,加快行业转型升级步伐,推动资源配置效率的最大化,以提高行业全要素生产率。     

Correlations between industrial demands (direct and total) for communications and transportation in the U.S. economy 1947–1997

Using input–output (I–O) accounts provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, this study investigates the aggregate relationships between the transportation and communications inputs demanded (directly and in total) by all industries in the U.S., and compares the results across time. We analyzed five pairs of Spearman correlations of transportation and communications demands (utilities, manufacturing, and overall) using the direct and total coefficient tables from the ten benchmark input–output years spanning 1947 to 1997. To correctly represent the overall economy-wide relationship, each industry (direct table) or commodity (total table) in the correlation was weighted proportionately to the monetary value of its contribution to the U.S. economy. In the analysis using direct I–O coefficients, we found a pattern of predominant complementarity between transportation and communications manufacturing, and substitution between transportation and communications utilities. There are intriguing indications, however, of a shift from substitution to complementarity in the latter case, beginning around 1987. In the analysis using total I–O coefficients, we found a pattern of complementarity for all years between transportation and communications manufacturing, and a pattern changing from substitution to complementarity for the remaining four pairs (transportation manufacturing and communications utilities; transportation utilities and communications manufacturing; the utilities pair; and the overall pair). Thus, from the industrial perspective (which constitutes a sizable proportion of the total demand for communications and transportation), it is not realistic in modern times to expect telecommunications to substitute for travel. Nevertheless, further research is needed into the specific causes of the observed shift from substitution to complementarity, and current trends should continue to be monitored for any changes.

LC滤波器在三相并联有源滤波器中的一种实用设计方法

本文对三相并联电力滤波器的输出LC滤波器进行了研究,考虑有源滤波器的输出电流的频宽和EMI标准对LC滤波器的参数进行设计,并给出了设计实例,仿真结果验证了设计方法的可行性.     

阴影遮挡下组串式MPPT应用研究

以光伏组件BP4170为研究对象,基于Matlab建立了仿真模型,分析了光伏组串、光伏阵列在阴影遮挡下的输出特性,对集中式MPPT（最大功率点跟踪）和组串式MPPT的输出功率进行了评估和对比,并通过计算和分析得到组串式MPPT技术的适用范围,为光伏发电系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

针摆传动中输出机构的受力分析

本文提出了一种适用于工程实际的摆线针轮行星传动的输出机构受力分析理论,并给出一套完整公式.其计算结果与测量结果吻合.     

船舶航向非线性系统的输出反馈鲁棒控制

考虑船舶航向控制系统模型中存在非线性，假设模型参数和外界干扰有界的情况下，首先利用Lyapunov稳定性模型，提出了一种状态反馈鲁棒控制新算法的自动舵设计，进而考虑到实际船舶上，在进行航向控制时，并不是所有船舶运动状态都是可测的，仅有航向是可测的，采用一种高增益状态观测器对状态进行重构，提出了输出反馈鲁棒控制自动舵设计，以大连海事大学远洋实习船“育龙轮”为例，进行了输出反馈鲁棒控制自动舵设计，并利用Matlab工具箱进行了仿真研究，结果证明该算法是十分有效的。     

A Novel Iterative Receiver Based on Extrinsic Information Update for MIMO Systems

A novel iterative receiver for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems was introduced. Its basis concept is that the reliability of extrinsic information will be strengthened with continuous iterations. Extrinsic information of present iteration is added with prior information of last iteration to obtain performance gain. The simulation results show that the improved iterative receiver can approach the 5th iteration performance of conventional soft interference cancellation (SIC)-minimum mean square error (MMSE) iterative receiver after the 2nd iteration with less computational complexity. Compared with conventional iterative receiver, the improved iterative receiver has 1dB performance gain at bit error rate (BER) of 10~ -5 , with four transmit antennas and four receive antennas system.     

Capacity and QoS based codebook construction for MIMO precoded spatial multiplexing systems with limited feedback

This paper deals with the design and performance analysis of transmit precoder optimization for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with limited feedback of channel state information. A capacity criterion based optimal codebook construction algorithm for MIMO precoded spatial multiplexing systems is pre-sented. The optimal precoder structure combining precoding and power allocation is employed. Simulation results show that the capacity criteria based codebook can achieve higher capacity than that of equally power allocation based codebook of previous research.